Wednesday 11 January 2017

Camera Terminology Explained Series, Part 7 (S-Z)


Shutter Speed

The Shutter Speed is the length of time the shutter is open to let light in.  Shutter Speed is used in conjunction with Aperture (how wide open the lens is) to determine how much light is let in for correct exposure of the image.

Bear in mind when choosing Shutter Speeds, that a slow shutter speed will blur a fast moving subject where as a fast shutter speed will capture the action as if it’s stopped.  With this in mind, you can use different shutter speeds creatively to capture different effects.

Also bear in mind that there is a slight delay (known as shutter lag) between the time you press the shutter release button and the time the image is actually captured.  The shutter lag is basically due to the fact that the camera takes time to focus and calculate the exposure.  Many cameras have a feature whereby you can press the shutter button half-way down to enable the camera to focus before pressing the button all the way down to capture the picture which will help to reduce the camera lag.

Some cameras feature a Shutter Speed Priority mode which allows you to choose the shutter speed you would like to use and the camera automatically determines the correct aperture based on the current light conditions of the scene.


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Telephoto

Telephoto lenses are used for bringing far away objects closer to you.  A typical telephoto lens could be 70mm or 300mm.


TIFF Files

TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format.  TIFF files are larger files than JPEGS taking up more space on your memory card, but, unlike JPEG, TIFF files don’t lose any of their image quality.  TIFF files can be compressed or uncompressed, but the compression with TIFF files is lossless, i.e. they retain their full image quality.


Vignetting

Vignetting is a marked darkening of the outer edges of an image, more commonly noticed with the use of additional lenses, filters or wide-angled zoom lenses.


White Balance

White Balance is important to remove untrue color casts from your images so that white images truly appear white in your photos.  Cameras have to take into account the color temperatures of different light sources to help prevent your photos from appearing with blue, green or red hues.

Many cameras allow you to manually adjust the White Balance, that is you can adjust the brightness of the blue, green and red colors so that white objects truly appear white in your photos.


Wide-angle

A wide-angled lens allows the photographer to capture a wider area of the scene, for example a wide landscape.  A typical wide-angled lens could be 24mm or 35mm for example.


Zoom Lens

A zoom lens features varying focal lengths within one lens.  They are very versatile and save the photographer from having to swap out the lenses.  A typical zoom lens could be 28mm-105mm for example.

Bear in mind that some image quality may be lost with variable focal length lenses as opposed to fixed length lenses which produce sharper images particularly in low light conditions.


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Further reading/articles in the Camera Terminology Explained Series:

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